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Happy birthday USA: Italy’s role in America’s greatness. Maria Montessori

Buon compleanno USA: Gli italiani che hanno fatto grandi cose in America. Maria Montessori

Author: Maura Striano

In 2026, We the Italians celebrates “Two Anniversaries, One Heart” – the 250th anniversary of the United States and the 80th anniversary of the Italian Republic. This article is part of the “Happy Birthday USA: Italy’s Role in America’s Greatness” project, in which we tell the stories of 18 well-known figures of Italian heritage who helped make the United States great.

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Maria Montessori, innovation and educational excellence in America

In 1909, the American journal The Kindergarten Primary Magazine published an article comparing different approaches to early childhood education. It introduced the Italian experience of the Casa dei Bambini, founded in Rome by Maria Montessori in 1907, highlighting its role in fostering the holistic development of young children.

It was the first sign of an interest that would grow exponentially, eventually making the United States the country where the Montessori educational approach achieved its widest and most sustained expansion. Through the dedication and expertise of hundreds of educators and teachers, Montessori principles became deeply integrated into the American public education system.

The pioneers of this movement were the first American teachers and education scholars who traveled to Italy between 1909 and 1911 to observe Montessori's work firsthand and study the foundations of her method. Upon returning home, they became its earliest and most influential advocates.

Building on these experiences, in February 1911 Professor Henry W. Holmes of the Harvard University Division of Education encouraged Montessori to translate The Montessori Method: Scientific Pedagogy as Applied to Child Education in the Children's Houses into English to reach a broader audience.

"This suggestion," Montessori wrote in the preface to the American edition published in 1912, "represented one of the greatest events in the history of my educational work" because it opened the door to the spread of both the Montessori Method and the Casa dei Bambini in the United States. The first American Children's House had already been established in 1911 in a suburb of New York by Anne George, a dedicated teacher who had spent an extended period in Italy observing Montessori's classrooms and who personally helped translate her work into English.

The popularity of the American edition inspired 68 American teachers and educators to travel to Rome in 1913 to attend the first international Montessori teacher training course.

The growing interest in Montessori's educational philosophy – particularly its remarkable success in addressing the needs of children with learning differences – attracted the support of influential American figures such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Helen Keller, and Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter of President Woodrow Wilson. Each recognized the transformative potential of Montessori's ideas.

In 1913, American journalist and publisher Samuel McClure persuaded Montessori to travel to the United States for a lecture tour that included Washington, New York, and Boston. He described it as "a journey to conquer the world."

Her lectures, meetings with educators, scholars, public officials, and intellectuals, together with the extensive coverage in McClure's Magazine, gave tremendous momentum to the creation of Montessori schools and the emergence of a genuine educational movement.

The Montessori American Committee was established in New York in 1912, followed in 1913 by the Montessori Educational Association in Washington, D.C. Both organizations played a key role in promoting the Montessori Method throughout public and private schools across the country.

That same year, Alexander Graham Bell and his wife Mabel published an article in the Evening Star expressing their hope that Washington would become the headquarters of Montessori education in America.

The Bells also arranged a meeting between Montessori and Washington State's Superintendent of Public Instruction, who declared that Montessori education brought to the United States "the seed of true freedom – the freedom that liberates individuality from constraint and subjugation and allows the human personality to develop naturally."

Montessori's emphasis on independence, self-directed learning, and respect for the child's natural development sparked an intense national conversation about the need to modernize educational practices. Numerous experimental programs followed, many of them achieving remarkable success.

When Montessori returned to the United States in 1915 with her son Mario, 130 Children's Houses were already operating successfully across the country.

During this second visit, she met with hundreds of educators in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Diego. She also participated in the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, where she presented one of the most memorable demonstrations of her method through the famous "Glass Classroom." Visitors were able to observe 30 children working independently in a fully functioning Montessori classroom, witnessing the method in action.

Montessori's two visits to America, together with the English translations of many of her educational writings, significantly accelerated the spread of her educational philosophy. However, it was the founding of the American Montessori Society (AMS) in 1960, inspired by Mario Montessori, that firmly established the Montessori Method as a respected educational model within American public education.

In 1967, Hilltop School in Reading, Ohio (now closed), became the first public Montessori school in the United States. From that pioneering initiative, the method expanded into public schools serving students of all grade levels throughout the nation.

Building on these early successes, the American Montessori Society, together with the Association Montessori Internationale (AMI) and the Montessori Children's Academy (MCA), helped launch a quiet but lasting educational revolution. Today, the United States is one of the countries where Montessori education is most widely represented, with approximately 5,000 public and private Montessori schools, including about 500 accredited public schools recognized by the AMS.

American public Montessori schools have become models of educational excellence. One notable example came in 2010, when Clark Montessori Junior and High School in Cincinnati, Ohio, was selected as a finalist in the Race to the Top Commencement Challenge, a nationwide competition launched by the Obama administration and the U.S. Department of Education. Public high schools were invited to submit creative applications and videos demonstrating how they prepared students for college and careers. The winning prize was a commencement address by President Barack Obama.

Maria Montessori made an extraordinary contribution to educational innovation in the United States. Her work advanced educational research, elevated the professional development of teachers and educators, and laid the foundation for the continuous improvement of American public education. More than a century after her ideas first crossed the Atlantic, her vision continues to inspire schools committed to nurturing the intellectual, social, and personal growth of every child.

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