• Home
  • Midwest
  • Happy birthday USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Francesco Vigo (Indiana)

Happy birthday USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Francesco Vigo (Indiana)

Buon Compleanno USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Francesco Vigo (Indiana)

Author: Carol Faenzi

In 2026, We the Italians celebrates “Two Anniversaries, One Heart” – the 250th anniversary of the United States and the 80th anniversary of the Italian Republic. This article is part of the “Happy Birthday USA: Unsung Italian Heroes” project, in which we share how, in every corner of the United States, an Italian has made a positive impact on their local community.

---

Francesco Vigo. How an Italian immigrant came to the aid of the American revolution

Francesco Vigo came to Indiana in 1778, a spy for General John Rodgers Clark against the British.

But Francesco had been in North America since 1769, arriving with the Spanish Army as a soldier.

We cannot know the reasons why he left his birthplace of Mondovi, Italy in the province of Piedmont to join the Spanish Army, but some of the clues may lie within his surname.

“Vigo” has Spanish and Italian origins. There is a city named Vigo in northwestern Spain and history tells us that in 1492, Spanish Jews were expelled from the country. Some of them settled in Mondovi where they thrived until a ghetto was formed only 25 years before Francesco’s birth.

We don’t know that this was Francesco’s lineage, but he must have felt the pull toward adventure and opportunities in the New World, because he left his home and whatever family he had in Italy and never looked back.

The Spanish Army landed in New Orleans in 1769 to defend their interests against the British but by 1772, young Francesco was discharged and set his sights on business.

He chose St. Louis and fur trading, a lucrative enterprise that attracted mostly French adventurers who had come to help the colonies’ quest to become an independent country.

Francesco provided supplies, information and financing to George Rogers Clark who was endeavoring to take British-occupied Fort Sackville in Vincennes, Indiana.

Francesco set off for Vincennes and was taken prisoner by the British. They had no case against this fur trader, so he was released, on condition that he return to St. Louis and do no harm to the British cause. 

He complied with the first part but then returned to Vincennes.

His time as a prisoner had been well spent. He had a detailed map of the Fort, and other critical intelligence which he shared with the General. The ensuing victories during Clark’s winter campaign were the breakthrough that secured Indiana and surrounding territories, for which the General credited Francesco.

Francesco also showed his support for the American cause by providing funds from his own pocket. The fur trading business must have given him a largesse, because the loans he made to Clark were the equivalent of $50,000 in today’s money.

He made Vincennes his home and was a financier of Vincennes University, still in existence today.

Vigo County was named for this brilliant and enterprising Italian immigrant in 1818, and this honor came prior to his death. Sadly, the loans he made were not paid during his lifetime. He died at 88 in poverty, never having married.

Perhaps tellingly, he left a provision in his will that if any monies were paid, they were to be used to make a bell for the Vigo County Courthouse. Fifty years later, some of the money came through and a two-ton bell was installed, and to this day tolls the hours.

I like to think that in his last days Francesco Vigo was remembering the sound of the bells in his hometown of Mondovi, Italy.

PREVIOUS POST
Two Anniversaries, One Heart
Areas
Categories
We the Italians # 202