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Happy birthday USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Giuseppe Rosati (St. Louis, Missouri)

Buon Compleanno USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Giuseppe Rosati (St. Louis, Missouri)

Author: Michael Cross

In 2026, We the Italians celebrates “Two Anniversaries, One Heart” – the 250th anniversary of the United States and the 80th anniversary of the Italian Republic. This article is part of the “Happy Birthday USA: Unsung Italian Heroes” project, in which we share how, in every corner of the United States, an Italian has made a positive impact on their local community.

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Before the Gateway Arch, an Italian story in St. Louis

Italian immigrants and their descendants left an indelible mark on St. Louis, Missouri. Among the many Italians and Italian Americans who contributed to the city, one Italian changed St. Louis forever: Bishop Giuseppe Rosati, the Vincentian missionary who became the first Bishop of St. Louis and one of the foundational figures of the Catholic Church in the American Midwest.

Born on January 12, 1789, in Sora, Italy, in the Lazio region, Rosati entered the Congregation of the Mission in Rome and was ordained a priest in 1811. His life changed when his theology professor, Felix de Andreis, persuaded him to join a pioneering mission to the United States.

Rosati arrived in Baltimore in 1816, studied English, and taught theology in Kentucky before moving to Perryville, Missouri, in 1818. There he served as rector of St. Mary’s of the Barrens Seminary, an important center of Catholic education on the American frontier.

Recognized for his administrative abilities and missionary commitment, Rosati was consecrated coadjutor bishop in 1824. In 1826, when Pope Leo XII created the Diocese of St. Louis, Rosati became its first bishop. His enormous jurisdiction included Missouri, western Illinois, and vast American territories west of the Mississippi River and north of Louisiana.

Despite the challenges of the frontier, Rosati built institutions that would shape St. Louis for generations. He helped strengthen Saint Louis University and recruited religious communities to serve the rapidly growing region. Among them were the Sisters of Charity, who established the first hospital west of the Mississippi in St. Louis in 1828.

Rosati’s most visible legacy is the Cathedral of St. Louis, King of France, today known as the Old Cathedral. He planned, financed, and supervised its construction. The historic church remains one of the city’s landmarks, standing beside the Gateway Arch as a reminder of the religious foundations of early St. Louis.

Rosati’s work extended far beyond Missouri. He supported missionary activity throughout the Mississippi Valley and toward the Rocky Mountains, Oregon, and Texas, while participating in the first four Provincial Councils of the Catholic Church in the United States.

His diplomatic abilities eventually brought him back to the international stage. In 1840, Pope Gregory XVI appointed him Apostolic Delegate for negotiations with Haiti. After completing the mission, Rosati traveled to Rome, where his health deteriorated. Hoping to return to St. Louis, he became too ill to make the journey and died in Rome on September 25, 1843, at age 54.

More than a century later, in 1954, his remains were returned from Italy to St. Louis and reinterred beneath the main altar of the Old Cathedral – permanently reconnecting Rosati with the city he had helped build.

In 2019, the Italian Community of St. Louis, together with the Archdiocese of St. Louis and the Consulate General of Italy in Chicago, commemorated the 230th anniversary of his birth with a solemn Mass celebrated in Italian.

The year 2026 brings together three important anniversaries: 250 years since the Declaration of Independence, 80 years of the Italian Republic, and 200 years since the establishment of the Diocese of St. Louis. It is therefore especially fitting to remember Giuseppe Rosati – an Italian missionary whose courage, vision, and faith helped shape St. Louis and whose legacy remains alive two centuries later.

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