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Happy birthday USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Protasio Neri (Maine)

Buon compleanno USA: Unsung Italian heroes. Protasio Neri (Maine)

In 2026, We the Italians celebrates “Two Anniversaries, One Heart” – the 250th anniversary of the United States and the 80th anniversary of the Italian Republic. This article is part of the “Happy Birthday USA: Unsung Italian Heroes” project, in which we share how, in every corner of the United States, an Italian has made a positive impact on their local community.

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Protasio Neri and the Italian stonecutters who shaped Maine

The story of Protasio Neri is closely tied to the rise of Maine’s granite industry and to the broader contribution of Italian stonecutters who transformed both the economy and the labor culture of the state. Born in Levigliani, near the Carrara marble district in Tuscany, Neri arrived in Maine in 1877, part of a wave of skilled Italian artisans drawn by the demand for high-quality granite. He was 27 years old and already trained in advanced carving techniques that were rare in the United States at the time.

Neri found work in Hallowell, a river town that had become one of the most important granite centers in the country. By the late 19th century, Hallowell granite was prized for public buildings, monuments and infrastructure projects nationwide. Neri quickly distinguished himself not only as a capable stonecutter but as an accomplished sculptor, able to produce detailed decorative elements as well as large-scale architectural work. His craftsmanship helped reinforce Maine’s reputation for precision stone carving.

At the turn of the century, Maine led the United States in granite production. Around 1901, the state counted roughly 152 active quarries employing about 3,500 workers. That year, granite sales reached approximately $2.5 million, a massive figure for the period and equivalent to well over $100 million today. Italian immigrants made up a significant share of this workforce, especially in skilled carving positions. In some Hallowell quarries, Italian and Scottish workers represented close to 90 % of the artisans responsible for finishing stone used in major public projects, including government buildings.

Italian stonecutters brought with them not only technical knowledge but also strong traditions of collective organization. Work in the quarries was physically demanding and dangerous. Shifts commonly lasted 10 to 12 hours a day, six or seven days a week, and accidents were frequent. Wages varied, but many workers struggled to support families, especially recent immigrants who had relocated spouses and children from Italy.

These conditions pushed many granite workers to join labor unions. Neri became an active figure in the Granite Cutters Union, which sought standardized wages, shorter hours and safer working environments. In 1892, granite workers across New England launched a coordinated strike that lasted more than five months. In Hallowell, Neri emerged as a leader, helping to organize meetings and acting as a bridge between Italian-speaking workers and the broader union movement. His ability to write and communicate across communities proved essential during the dispute.

The strike ended in October 1892 with meaningful gains for workers, including wage increases and improved recognition of union rights. These changes reshaped labor relations in the granite industry and strengthened the position of skilled artisans. Neri continued working in Maine for years, leaving behind carvings that still survive today and a legacy rooted in both craftsmanship and activism.

The Italian stonecutters of Hallowell did more than extract and shape stone. They helped build civic landmarks, advanced labor rights and established lasting communities. Today, about 9 % of Hallowell’s population traces its roots to Italy, a reminder that Maine’s granite heritage is also an immigrant story, carved by hands like those of Protasio Neri.

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