St. Stephen's Day, observed on December 26th, is a Christian holiday commemorating the first martyr of Christianity, as recounted in the New Testament. In Italy, this day has been a public holiday since 1947, aimed at extending the Christmas celebrations.

St. Stephen is recognized as the first Christian martyr, often referred to as the "protomartyr." He was among the seven deacons chosen by the early Christian community to assist the apostles in ministering to the faithful. Around 36 A.D., Stephen was accused of blasphemy and sentenced to death by stoning. Notably, one of his accusers was Saul of Tarsus, who later converted and became known as St. Paul.

In Italy, St. Stephen's Day became a public holiday in 1947. This decision was not driven by religious authorities but was intended to provide citizens with two consecutive days off during the Christmas period, thereby prolonging the festive season. A similar approach is seen with Easter Monday, known as "Pasquetta," which serves to extend the Easter celebrations.

Various cultural traditions are linked to St. Stephen's Day. In Putignano, Puglia, the "Festa delle Propaggini" marks the beginning of what is considered the world's longest carnival. This celebration dates back to December 26, 1394, when relics of St. Stephen were transferred from the Abbey of Monopoli to Putignano, where they remain in the Church of Santa Maria La Greca. The festival features performances by street artists in the town's central square.

In Ireland, the day is known as "Lá Fhéile Stiofán" or "Lá an Dreoilín," translating to "The Day of the Wren." Traditionally, people would go from house to house, singing, dancing, and carrying an image of a wren, or sometimes an actual wren in a cage. This custom is rooted in legends that associate the wren with episodes from the life of Jesus.

Today, St. Stephen's Day is often seen as an opportunity to spend time with family and friends, enjoying the leftovers from Christmas meals. In many countries, it is a day for relaxation, outdoor activities, or attending cultural events. The traditions vary by region, but the common theme is one of community and togetherness, reflecting the spirit of the holiday season.

In summary, St. Stephen's Day holds significant historical and cultural importance in various parts of the world. Its observance encompasses a blend of religious reverence and local traditions, contributing to the rich tapestry of global holiday celebrations.