The Province of Catanzaro is bordered by Cosenza in the north, Crotone in the northeast, Reggio Calabria in the south and Vibo Valentia in the southwest. It was once the largest province in Calabria until the 1990s when its territory was divided to form the new provinces of Vibo Valentia and Crotone.

The province currently has 76 municipalities and is home to the Viadotto Morandi Bridge, one of the tallest in Europe, and the Isthmus of Catanzaro, the narrowest point on the entire Italian peninsula, as well as immaculate beaches and historic architecture.