Much like the Cold War era, space is again a major theater for great power competition, playing an increasingly important role in security and defense. But this time there are many more players, both countries and companies, seeking to exploit this domain to reap the economic benefits and strategic influence it offers. Italy aims to expand its role in a new “space Great game”, developing its expertise in developing and deploying more advanced, yet cheaper, satellite and remote-sensing dual-use technology.

But while the country has an already significant space industry, the competition is fierce. Italy will have to acknowledge its need for a more flexible and ambitious approach based on targeted investment, a stronger private sector role, and deeper cooperation with its European and international partners, chiefly the US.