There is a devastating exchange in The Story of a New Name, the second of three—soon to be four—books in Elena Ferrante's masterful Naples novels, in which Lila, one of the two main characters, runs into her former schoolteacher, Maestra Oliviero, on the street.

To the teacher's dismay, Lila, now in her late teens, did not continue her education after elementary school, in spite of her fierce intellectual promise, and is now married and has a small son. The maestra ignores the child, Rino, and looks only at the book Lila is carrying. Lila is nervous. "The title is Ulysses," she says. "Is it about the Odyssey?" the teacher asks.

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